Sabtu, 04 Mei 2013

Direct And Indirect Speech #Bahasa Inggris




No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1 Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense
Linda said: “I buy my dictionary at the book shop”. Linda said that she bought her dictionary at the book shop.
2 Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous
She said: “I doing my English homework”. She said that she was doing her English homework.
3 Present Perfect Past Perfect Tense
John said: “I have finished doing my reports”. John said that he had finished doing his reports.
4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense
He said: “We have been living here for three years”. He said that they had been living there for three years.
5 Future Tense Past Future Tense
Laila said: “We will leave for Singapore”. Laila said that they would leave for Singapore.
6 Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Tense
He said: “I was reading an English novels”. He said that he had been reading English novels.
No. Direct Indirect
1 Today That day
Father said: “I’ll be very busy today”. Father said that he would be very busy that day.
2 Yesterday The day before
He said: “I came to your house yesterday”. He said that he had come to my house the day before.
3 Tomorrow The following day / the next day
He promised: “I will return your books tomorrow”. He promised that he would return my books the next day.
4 Next week The following week
They said: “We will go to your house next week”. They said that they would come to my house the following week.
5 Next year The following year
She said: “I am going to America next year”. She said that she was going to America the following year.
6 Last week The previous week
He said to me: “I bought this dictionary last week”. He told me that he had bought that dictionary the previous week.
7 Last month The previous month
John said: “My father came back from Japan last month”. John said that his father had come back from Japan the previous month.
8 The day before yesterday Two days before
She said: “I sent my application letter the day before yesterday”. She said that she had sent her application letter two days before.


DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct Speech - Indirect Speech
Simple present - menjadi - Simple past

He said ” The woman comes “ He said that the woman came
Dari contoh di atas dapat disimpulkan perubahan untuk bentuk waktu dari reported speech sebagai berikut :
Direct Speech - Indirect Speech
He said, “The sun rises in the east” - He said that the sun rises in the east
He said that he would go there,
Agus said, “This is my pen”. - Agus said that this was his pen
(ketika berbicara pena berada di tangan pembicara)

1) Bila reported speech kalimat berita

Reporting verb - Reported speech
Present tense - Any tense (bentuk waktu apapun)
Direct : She says to her friend, ” I have been writing “.
Indirect : She says to her friend that he has been writing. (tidak berubah)
Direct : She has told you, ” I am reading “.
Indirect : She has told you that he is reading. (tidak berubah)
Direct : She will say, ” You have done wrongly “.
Indirect : She will tell you that you have done wrongly. (tidak berubah)
Direct : She will say,” The boy wasn’t lazy “.
Indirect : She will tell them that the boy wasn’t lazy. (tidak berubah)

2) Bila reported speech merupakan kalimat tanya
Direct
He said to me, “Where are you going?”
He said to me, “What are you doing?” Indirect
He asked me where I was going
He inquired of me what I was doing

Direct
He said to me, “Are you going
away today?”
He asked me , “can you come along?” Indirect
He asked me whether I was
going away that day.
He asked me if I could come along.

3) Kalimat perintah (imperative sentences)
 Command :
Direct: He said to his servant, “Go away at once!”
Indirect:He ordered his servant to go away at once
b) Precept :
Direct: She said to her son, “Study hard!”
Indirect: He advised her son to study hard
c) Request :
Direct: He said to his friend, “Please lend me your pen!”
Indirect: He asked his friend to be kind enough to lend him his pencil
d) Entreaty :
Direct: He said to his master, “Pardon me, sir”
Indirect: He begged his master to pardon him.
e) Prohibition :
Direct: She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there”
Indirect: She forbade her daughter to go there
Direct: She said to her daughter, “Don’t go there”
Indirect: She asked herdaughter not to go there.

4) Kalimat seru (exclamatory sentences)
a) Exclamatory sentences
Direct: He said, “Hurrah! My old friend has come”
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that his old friend had come.
b) Optative sentences (kalimat yang menyatakan harapan, pujian, dsb)
Direct: He said, “God bless you, my dear son “
Indirect: He prayed that God would bless his dear son
contoh lain :
      1.      D : She says to her friend, “ I have been reading “
      I   : She says to her friend that he has been reading
      2.      D : He will say, “ The girl wasn’t ugly “
      I   : He will tell them that the girl wasn’t ugly
      3.      D : Reza said, “ I’m very sleepy “
      I  : Reza said that he was very sleepy
      4.      D : He has told you, “ I am writing “
      I  : He has told you that he is writing
      5.      D : Mother said to her son, “ study hard “
      I  : Mothe advised her son to study hard
      6.      D : My friend said to me, “ I don’t like football “
      I   : My friend said to me that he didn’t like football   
      7.      D : She said, “ I didn’t go to campus
      I : She said that she hadn’t gone to campus this morning
      8.      D : Rikza says, “ I have seen that movies “
      I : Rikza says that she has seen that movies
      9.      D : Mother asked her, “ Don’t go there alone “
      I : Mother asked her not to go there alone
      10.  D : Father asked robi, “ Don’t smoke too much “
      I  : Father asked robi not to smoke too much

Jumat, 19 April 2013

The Marketing Mix


In the early 1960s, Professor Neil Borden of the Harvard Business School identified a number of company performance actions he believed influenced the consumer decision to purchase goods or services. Borden suggested that these actions represented a “Marketing Mix”, which he published in a Harvard Business Review article. Professor E. Jerome McCarthy, a contemporary colleague also at the Harvard Business School, then took Borden’s work forward and suggested that the Marketing Mix could be summated into four elements: product, price, place and promotion. Thus was codified the famous four Ps (4Ps) which have gone on to become perhaps the most famous term in marketing to date.
As with any ‘mix’ the concept is straightforward; it provides a list of basic elements whose proportions can be altered to produce a variety of ‘mix’ with different outcomes, e.g. cement as opposed to mortar, bread as opposed to cake. In fact to illustrate this let’s think about a cake mix. All cakes contain eggs, milk, flour, and sugar. However, you can alter the final cake by altering the amounts of mix elements contained in it. So for a sweet cake add more sugar, for a fruit cake add fruit, chocolate cake – add chocolate.
Exactly the same principles apply with the marketing mix. The offer you make to you customer can be altered by varying the mix elements. So for a high profile brand, increase the focus on promotion and desensitize the weight given to price. For a luxury item you control distribution – Place – optimise the quality – product - and quite probably maximise the price. Co-ordinating the decisions is based on marketing research and results in a marketing plan; a blueprint to optimise the use of the business’s resources to maximise the satisfaction to the customers and the gains of the business.
There are major differences when it comes to services marketing versus the marketing of tangible products. The aim differences include:
  1. The buyer purchases are intangible, you gain ‘ownership’ of nothing
  2. The service may be based on the reputation of a single person or entity, so branding becomes vital
  3. It's more difficult to compare the quality of similar services, there isn’t a list of Features and attributes you can easily compare
  4. The buyer cannot return the service; the act of purchase is the act of consumption
These differences mean that there are new elements in the marketing mix; in fact there are three new elements so we call this the ‘7Ps’ or Extended marketing mix.
Let’s think about a service – Car Insurance. In terms of the 4Ps you ‘own’ a right to compensation if in any sort of accident – that’s the product. You know the price and indeed all the other elements of price that might be included, e.g. payment by installment. The Place was done either indirectly – through the mail as an automatic renewal, or directly by you contacting the insurance company. Promotion could have been via any of the means listed later in this chapter. But does that cover all the elements that went into your decision to buy car insurance?
In fact for services the additional ‘4Ps’ of the ‘7P’ extended marketing mix consist of People, Physical evidence, and Process. In our car insurance example, you might have spoken to a salesperson in your home or a broker; you might have spoken to a customer service person by phone, or at a branch office. You might have been impressed by industry reports or experts, this could have even been online, or by the quality of the documents you received or even by the way the person you spoke to sounded or were dressed. All of these start to bring Physical evidence into play which often overlaps into the Place and People elements.
Finally and perhaps in a world dominated by distance purchasing via electronic media such as the internet and telecommunications the speed, accuracy responsiveness, and reliability of the processes in respond to you as a customer and also vital. You only have to think about how many times you abandon a web site if it’s slow to appreciate how vital processes are within the extended marketing mix. Service marketing also includes the concept of ‘servicescape’ referring to but not limited to the aesthetic appearance of the business from the outside, the inside, and the general appearance of the employees themselves; in essence the concept of servicescape underlines the interrelated nature of several elements of the 7Ps when viewed from a customer perspective – it is a marketing concept philosophy approach.
Service Marketing has been rapidly gaining ground in the overall spectrum of marketing and particularly as a focus of marketing education as the developed economies move farther away from industrial importance to service oriented economies. This can also be seen in developing economies, where the shift to services means a shift away from customer decisions based on tangible FABs to intangible service elements.
In many services marketing is rapidly moving into the experiential, with an emphasis on quality of experience and feedback. This has given rise to the phrase "Managing the evidence", which refers to the act of informing customers that the service encounter has been performed successfully by us and how was it for you. It is best done in subtle ways like providing examples or descriptions of good and poor service that can be used as a basis of comparison. The underlying rationale is that a customer might not appreciate the full worth of the service if they do not have a good benchmark for comparisons.

if CLAUSE,SUBORDINATE CONJUCTION, SENTENCES


IF CLAUSE Type 1, 2, 3
1.      1.  CONDITIONAL TYPE 1
Conditional sentence type 1 digunakan untuk menunjukan sesuatu hal yang mungkin atau tidak mungkin terjadi diwaktu yang akan datang . Conditional type I dibentuk dengan if clause (dalam simple present tense) dan main clause ( dalam simple future tense ).
if  +  simple present , subject  +  will  +  bare invinitive
-           if i finish work early , i play tennis
-           if she has enough time , she will come to your house
-           if  you invite us , we will come to your wedding party
If  +  simple present  +  modal auxiliary (can, may, must, will) digunakam untuk menunjukan suatu kemungkinan (possibility) , izin (permission), kepastian (certainty).
If  +  simple present ,subject  +  can,may,must  +  bare infinitive
-           if  you leave now, you will arrive in time (certain result)
-            if you leave now , you may arrive in time (possibility)
-           if he is in hurry , he can use my car (permission)

2.     2.   CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: TYPE II
Conditional sentence type II digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan fakta atau yang sesungguhnya di waktu sekarang.
If + subject + simple past, subject + would, could, might + bare infinitive
-            If you had longer legs, you would be able to run faster
-          If you spoke English well , he would be accepted to work here
-           If I had a spare ticket , I would give it to him
Conditional sentence type II juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu yang tidak kita harapkan terjadi di waktu sekarang .
If + subject + simple past, subject + would, could, might + bare infinitive
-          If a robber came into my house, I would throw a knife at him
-          If the man chased me , I would ran away
-           If he wanted to kill me , I would report him to a police

3.    3.    CONDITIONAL SENTENCES: TYPE III
Conditional sentence type III digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu penyelesaian (regret dan lain-lain ) tentang sesuatu yang tidak akan pernah terjadi lagi diwaktu sekarang.
If  +  subject  +  past perfect , would/could/might   +  have  +  past participle
-          If you had gone by car, you would have arrive in bandung
-          If you had studied english seriously, you would spoken english well
-          If she had tried harder, she would have been successful
-          If you had left early, you might have arrive there
-          If had been you/inyour position  -> “if i had been you / in your position” digunakan untuk menunjukan apa yang sudah akan kita lakukan jika kita berada dalam posisi orang lain.
-           If i had been in your position, i would have accepted her offer of help
-           If i had been mary, i would have paid fifty million rupiah for the car

Subordinate Conjunction
Subordinate conjunction adalah kata hubung yang mengawali suatu dependent clause (adverbial clause) dengan tujuan untuk membangun hubungan ide antara dependent clause denganmain clause. Adapun gabungan antara dependent dan main clause menghasilkan complex sentence.
Subordinate conjunction digunakan pada subordinate clause, yaitu bagian yang idenya kurang penting dibanding pada main clause.
Kata hubung ini memiliki antara lain hubungan waktu (time), tempat (place), pertentangan (contrast), sebab akibat (cause-effect), syarat (condition), tujuan (reason), dan cara (manner). 
Contoh kalimat dengan subordinate conjunction dengan hubungan waktu (time), tempat (place), dan pertentangan (contrast) adalah sebagai berikut.
Hubungan
Subordinate Conjunction
Contoh Subordinate Conjunction dalam Complex Sentence
Time
(waktu)
after
(setelah),
as
(ketika, sementara),
as soon as
(segera setelah),
before
(sebelum),
once
(segera setelah),
since
(sejak),
until/till
(sampai),
when
(ketika),
whenever
(kapan saja, sewaktu-waktu),
while
(ketika, sementara)
After I changed the APN, I unpluged my modem and waited for 5 minutes.
(Setelah saya merubah APN, saya mencabut modem dan menunggu selama 5 menit.)
As soon as/once they finish filling the questionnaire, I will process the data.
(Segera setelah mereka selesai mengisi kuesioner, saya akan memproses data tersebut.)
Anna found so much expired food when she was cleaning the kitchen.
(Anna menemukan begitu banyak makanan basi ketika dia membersihkan dapur.)
Before she went to Jakarta, she got her flowers watered.
(Sebelum dia pergi ke Jakarta, dia meminta bunga-bunganya disirami.)
Since the boy bought a PS3, he forgot to study.
(Sejak anak laki-laki itu membeli PS3, dia lupa belajar.)
The students focused on the test until/till the time was over.
(Para siswa fokus pada ujian hingga waktu berakhir.)
You can come to my house whenever you want.
(Kamu bisa datang ke rumahku kapanpun kamu mau.)
While I was studying in my room, I didn’t let someone else to disturb.
(Ketika saya sedang belajar di ruangan saya, saya tidak akan membiarkan orang lain mengganggu.)
Place
(tempat)
where
(dimana),
wherever
(dimanapun)
Nobody knows where she lives now.
(Tidak ada yang tau dimana dia tinggal sekarang.)
We should be polite and pleasant wherever we live.
(Kita sebaiknya sopan dan menyenangkan dimanapun kita tinggal.)
Contrast(pertentangan)
although,
even though,
though
(meskipun),
whereas
(sebaliknya, sedangkan),
while
(meskipun),
even if
(kalaupun)
She goes forward such a tank although/even though/though/whilemany friends confronts her ambition.
(Meskipun banyak teman menentang ambisinya, dia maju terus seperti tank.)
Although/even though/while I’m annoyed, I try to think positively.
(Meskipun saya terganggu, saya mencoba untuk berpikir positif.)
Even if Bima is not qualified enough to enter the top university, he’ll try again next year.
(Kalaupun Bima tidak cukup berkualifikasi untuk masuk universitas top tersebut, dia akan mencoba lagi tahun depan.)
I like doing execise whereas my brother like sleeping.
(Saya suka berolahraga sedangkan saudara laki-laki saya suka tidur.)

SENTENCES
Kalimat (sentences) adalah sekelompok kata yang mengungkapkan pemikiran lengkap dan arti yang dapat dipahami secara umum (jelas)
Contoh :
I wake up at six o'clock everymorning (Saya bangun jam tujuh setiap pagi)
Kata di atas mengungkapkan pemikiran yang utuh serta memiliki arti yang jelas yang menerangkan bahwa "saya bangun pada jam tujuh setiap hari". Karena telah memiliki pemikiran serta arti yang utuh maka gabungan kata di atas dapat disebut sebagai kalimat.
Coba bandingkan dengan contoh di bawah ini :
At six o'clock everymorning (pada jam tujuh setiap pagi)
Kata dalam contoh di atas belum mempunyai sebuah arti yang lengkap atau tidak mengungkapkan pemikiran secara utuh serta jelas, sehingga gabungan kata di atas tidak dapat dikatakan sebagai suatu kalimat.
Cooba perhatikan kembali contoh di bawah ini jika di lengkapi dengan beberapa kata kembali :
I go to school at six o'clock everymorning (Saya pergi ke sekolah pada jam tujuh setiap pagi)

REFERENSI

Sabtu, 16 Maret 2013

DEMOKRASI


I.          Pengertian Demokrasi
Demokrasi adalah suatu bentuk pemerintahan politik yang kekuasaan pemerintahannya berasal dari rakyat, baik secara langsung (demokrasi langsung) atau melalui perwakilan (demokrasi perwakilan). Salah satu contoh demokrasi di Indonesia adalah pemilihan secara langsung.

II.        Pemilihan Secara Langsung
Dimulai dari tahun 1955, pada tanggal 29 september 1955 untuk pertama kalinya pemilihan anggota DPR dan pemilihan kedua pada tanggal 15 desember 1955 dengan memilih anggota konstituante. Patut dicatat dan dibanggakan bahwa pemilu yang pertama kali tersebut berhasil diselenggarakan dengan aman, lancar, jujur dan adil serta sangat demokratis. Pemilu 1955 bahkan mendapat pujian dari berbagai pihak, termasuk dari negara-negara asing. Pemilu ini diikuti oleh lebih 30-an partai politik dan lebih dari seratus daftar kumpulan dan calon perorangan.
Yang menarik dari Pemilu 1955 adalah tingginya kesadaran berkompetisi secara sehat. Misalnya, meski yang menjadi calon anggota DPR adalah perdana menteri dan menteri yang sedang memerintah, mereka tidak menggunakan fasilitas negara dan otoritasnya kepada pejabat bawahan untuk menggiring pemilih yang menguntungkan partainya. Karena itu sosok pejabat negara tidak dianggap sebagai pesaing yang menakutkan dan akan memenangkan pemilu dengan segala cara. Karena pemilu kali ini dilakukan untuk dua keperluan, yaitu memilih anggota DPR dan memilih anggota Dewan Konstituante, maka hasilnya pun perlu dipaparkan semuanya.

III.       Sistem Pemilu di Indonesia
Sejak kemerdekaan hingga tahun 2009 bangsa Indonesia telah menyelenggarakan sepuluh kali pemilihan umum, yaitu 1945,1971,1977,1982,1992,1997,1999,2004 dan 2009. Akan tetapi pemilihan pada tahun 1955 merupakan pemilihan umum yang dianggap istimewa karena ditengah suasana kemerdekaan yang masih tidak stabil Indonesia melakukan PEMILU , bahkan dunia internasional memuji pemilu pada tahun tersebut. Pemilihan umum berlangsung dengan terbuka, jujur dan fair, meski belum ada sarana komunikasi secanggih pada saat ini ataupun jaringan kerja KPU.
Semua pemilihan umum tersebut tidak diselenggarakan dalam situasi yang vacuum, melainkan berlangsung di dalam lingkungan yang turut menentukan hasil pemilihan umum itu sendiri.

IV.       Dasar Hukum Pemilu
Menurut situs resmi mahkamah agung www.mahkamahagung.go.id , peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai dasar hukum pemilu,antara lain :

V.        Analisis Kelemahan Sistem Pemilu
a.   Biaya politik untuk kampenye mahal, ujung2nya pejabat yg dipilih lebih memfokuskan biar uangnya balik modal
b.  Masih carut marut soal pemutakhiran database untuk daftar pemilih
c.  Marak money politik.
d.  Masih banyak orang yang belum mempunyai kesadaran untuk mengikuti pemilihan umum
e.   Banyak pendatang yang sudah lama tinggal di suatu daerah tertentu dan tidak dibagikan kartu pemilu jadi banyak pula yang tidak memilih (golput)

VI.       Solusi Menghadapi Kelemahan Sistem Pemilu
Menanamkan semangat juang yang tinggi pada calon-calon pejabat dan menanamkan iman dan taqwa sehingga moral dan pemikiran calon-calon pejabat lebih terarah untuk kepentingan rakyat banyak bukan untuk kepentingan pribadi dan menanamkan kesadaran pada masyarakat betapa pentingnya pemilu bagi masa depan negara, sehingga tidak terjadi penyesalan di kemudian hari.
Menanamkan semua itu baik pada calon-calon pejabat atau masyarakat dapat melalui berbagai media, misalnya media elektronik ataupun sosialisasi langsung agar calon pejabat dan masyarakat lebih mengerti dan lebih faham.


GLOBALISASI

    
    I.           PENGERTIAN GLOBALISASI

Globalisasi adalah suatu proses di mana antar individu, antar kelompok, dan antar negara saling berinteraksi, bergantung, terkait, dan mempengaruhi satu sama lain yang melintasi batas negara.
Selain pengertian di atas,ada beberapa pengertian globalisasi menurut para ahli,antara lain :
a.   Thomas L. Friedman : Globlisasi memiliki dimensi ideology dan teknlogi. Dimensi teknologi yaitu kapitalisme dan pasar bebas, sedangkan dimensi teknologi adalah teknologi informasi yang telah menyatukan dunia.
b.   Princenton N. Lyman : Pengertian Globalisasi adalah pertumbuhan yang sangat cepat atas saling ketergantungan dan hubungan antara Negara-negara didunia dalam hal perdagangan dan keuangan.
c.   Malcom Waters : Globalisasi adalah sebuah proses sosial yang berakibat bahwa pembatasan geografis pada keadaan sosial budaya menjadi kurang penting, yang terjelma didalam kesadaran orang.
d.   Lucian W. Pye : Globalisasi sebagai sebuah gejala tersebarnya nilai-nilai dan budaya tertentu keseluruh dunia (sehingga menjadi budaya dunia atau world culture.

II.        MENGAPA TERJADI GLOBALISASI

Menurut saya globalisasi terjadi karena perkembangan zaman yang semakin pesat,seperti perkembangan tekhnologi maupun budaya sebuah negara, sebagai contoh untuk perkembangan tekhnologi dan budaya adalah seperti alat komunikasi zaman sekarang, pada zaman orde lama banyak orang berkomunikasi dan silaturahmi hanya dengan surat berbeda dengan sekarang yang biasa menggunakan handphone dan email.perkembangan tekhnologi tersebut juga mempengaruhi budaya sebuah negara,misalnya di Indonesia, sekarang sudah jarang masyarakat yang saling bersilaturahmi. Perkembangan globalisasi tidak luput dari media-media yang memperlihatkan kemajuan dunia sehingga mempengaruhi pola pikir masyarakat pada zaman orde baru sekarang ini.

III.       CIRI-CIRI GLOBALISASI
Berikut ini beberapa ciri yang menandakan semakin berkembangnya fenomena globalisasi di dunia.
a.   Perubahan dalam Konstantin ruang dan waktu. Perkembangan barang-barang seperti telepon genggam, televisi satelit, dan internet menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi global terjadi demikian cepatnya, sementara melalui pergerakan massa semacam turisme memungkinkan kita merasakan banyak hal dari budaya yang berbeda.
b.   Pasar dan produksi ekonomi di negara-negara yang berbeda menjadi saling bergantung sebagai akibat dari pertumbuhan perdagangan internasional, peningkatan pengaruh perusahaan multinasional, dan dominasi organisasi semacam World Trade Organization (WTO).
c.   Peningkatan interaksi kultural melalui perkembangan media massa (terutama televisi, film, musik, dan transmisi berita dan olah raga internasional). saat ini, kita dapat mengonsumsi dan mengalami gagasan dan pengalaman baru mengenai hal-hal yang melintasi beraneka ragam budaya, misalnya dalam bidang fashion, literatur, dan makanan.
d.   Meningkatnya masalah bersama, misalnya pada bidang lingkungan hidup, krisis multinasional, inflasi regional dan lain-lain.

IV.                  PENGARUH GLOBALISASI BAGI MASYARAKAT INDONESIA
a.        Pengaruh Positif
-    Dalam ilmu kedokteran perkembangan tekhnologi sangat dibutuhkan sebagai contoh banyak alat-alat kedokteran yang lebih maju sehingga mempercepat penanganan banyak penyakit.
-    Dalam perkembangan budaya, kita bisa menerapkan budaya luar yang baik dan patut dicontoh untuk lebih mengenal berbagai macam budaya dunia.
-    Kemajuan dalam berkomunikasi, seiring meningkatnya perkembangan tekhonologi banyak alat yang dapat digunakan untuk berkomunikasi secara cepat, contohnya HP,email,dan media sosial lainnya.
-    Dengan kemajuan tekhnologi kita juga bisa mendapatkan informasi dengan mudah dan cepat melalui media internet.
-    Dengan kemajuan tekhnologi kita pun dapat menyebarkan dan mempromosikan suatu informasi yang berguna untuk kemajuan dan perkembangan impor untuk menambah pendapatan negara.
b.       Pengaruh Negatif
-     Semakin banyak budaya luar yang masuk ke indonesia melalui internet, media televisi, dan media lainnya.
-     Banyaknya alat komunikasi jarak jauh membuat masyarakat sekarang lupa akan budaya kita sendiri seperti bersilaturahmi.
-     Semakin banyak penyelundupan dari luar negeri ke indonesia
-     Banyaknya produk luar negri yang masuk ke Indonesia,sehingga membuat produk dalam negri kurang digemari oleh masyarakat pada umumnya.